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How Efforts to Cut Long Prison Sentences Have Stalled

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This is The Marshall Project’s Closing Argument newsletter, a weekly deep dive into a key criminal justice issue. Want this delivered to your inbox? Subscribe to future newsletters.

When a 2016 California law made it possible for Lance Gonzalez to shorten his prison sentence by completing more rehabilitation programs and education, he hit the ground running.

Gonzalez “poured hundreds of hours into self-help groups, including courses on victim impact and cognitive behavior,” KQED reported this week. He taught classes, worked as a mentor and earned seven associate degrees.

His efforts seemed to pay off. Under the law, the state corrections department awarded Gonzalez enough time credits to move up his first parole hearing from 2028 to 2023. He was granted parole on his first try — a rare feat.

As Gonzalez was planning for his first hours as a free man last spring, a lawsuit pulled the rug out from under him. In May, a judge agreed with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation — a conservative nonprofit organization — that the corrections department didn’t have the authority to advance parole for people serving life sentences. The state has appealed the ruling.

Meanwhile, a bill that would have allowed some Californians sentenced to life before 1990 to be eligible for parole died in the statehouse on Thursday.

The two stalled efforts in the Golden State are indicative of a tension visible across the country, as reform efforts aimed at paring back long sentences bump up against resistance from victims’ rights groups and a resurgence of “tough-on-crime” politics.

The time people spend in prison generally got longer during the 1990s with the rapid adoption of “truth-in-sentencing” laws that severely restricted or even eliminated opportunities for incarcerated people to earn parole part-way through a sentence.

Wisconsin is characteristic of the changes in sentencing in many states. Before 1997, people convicted in Wisconsin were eligible for parole after serving 25% of their sentence and were automatically released after serving two-thirds. After 1997, people were required to serve 100% of their sentence, plus an additional 25% on supervised release.

Even as the state reduced arrests and prosecutions during the 2000s, there was no “release valve,” experts told Wisconsin Watch, causing the number of people incarcerated to continue to grow, even as fewer people were sentenced. At present, the state’s prison population is 5,000 people over capacity.

A few years after Wisconsin’s 1997 sentencing law passed, Gawaine Edwards was convicted of felony murder and armed robbery at age 23. Under the law, Edwards isn’t eligible for release for another 12 years, when he will be 57. Last week, Edwards told Wisconsin Watch that he feels he’s “stuck here doing all this dead time,” in a prison that isn’t offering legitimate rehabilitation or educational programming.

Truth-in-sentencing laws can also limit how people seek rehabilitation programming in prison. As one incarcerated writer put it in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution this week: “When I ask young inmates about behavioral change, they often respond, ‘Why should I?’ Without incentives, they see no reason to change.”

According to a July report from Stateline, several states have seen efforts to pass “second-look” legislation this year — bills that allow courts or parole boards to reevaluate long sentences — but most have failed.

One that bucked the trend was a new law in Oklahoma that allows domestic violence victims convicted of crimes to apply for resentencing if abuse “was a substantial contributing factor” to their crime.

More general second-look legislation is often opposed by some victim advocacy groups, which argue that the bills rob people affected by crime of closure. A second-look effort in Virginia led to heated and emotional legislative hearings earlier this year, before the bill was postponed to next year.

“The impact — it’s with us every day,” said Michael Grey, whose son was killed during a cell phone sale. “Why have a justice system if we’re going to circumvent these decisions,” he said of the sentences imposed, “and try to come back and let these people get out of jail?”

An unrelated good-time credit law did go into effect in Virginia last month, leading to the release of more than 800 people from state prisons. The law roughly tripled how much time off their sentences incarcerated people can earn for good behavior.

Other states may be going the other way. This November, voters in Colorado will decide whether people convicted of violent crimes should be required to serve at least 85% of their sentence before being eligible for parole or reductions for good behavior. Currently, that number is 75%.

And as of August 1, virtually no one sentenced in Louisiana will be eligible for future parole under laws passed by the legislature earlier this year. A related new law also reduces the ability to earn credits for good behavior. Prison policy experts predict that the changes will double the state prison population.

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Open Calls, Residencies, and Grants for Artists — Colossal

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Opportunities

tufts of colorful tulle float down a hill by a beach

Image © Thomas Jackson

Every month, Colossal shares opportunities for artists and designers, including open calls, grants, fellowships, and residencies. If you’d like to list an opportunity here, please get in touch at [email protected]. You can also join our monthly Opportunities Newsletter.

 

$1,800 Innovate Grants for Art + PhotoFeatured
Innovate Grant awards two $1,800 grants each quarter to one visual artist and one photographer. In addition, twelve applicants will receive honorable mentions, be featured on the website, and join a growing community. International artists and photographers working in any medium are eligible.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. PST on September 12, 2024.

 

Open Calls

RAISE YOUR ZINE! 3rd Edition (International)
THE DOCKS invites photographers worldwide to submit to the third edition of RAISE YOUR ZINE! Chosen applicants will produce a fanzine and exhibit work at the RAISE YOUR ZINE! festival in Naples. There is a €15 application fee.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. CET on September 1, 2024. 

Archtober’s “Greetings From…” Postcard Competition (New York City)
The Center for Architecture and Archtober have teamed up for a competition that asks artists to design a 4×6-inch postcard representative of the New York City they envision. Three winning designs will be printed and distributed at the Center for Architecture throughout October 2024. All are invited to submit—architects, illustrators, design enthusiasts, etc.—and there’s a $500 cash prize.
Deadline: 5 p.m. ET on September 3, 2024.

AAP Magazine 42 Shapes (International)
All About Photo is seeking cohesive bodies of work for its 42nd issue centered around shapes and “the elements that abstract into light, texture, shape, and shadow.” Winners will receive $1,000 awards, and the submission fee is $30 per three images.
Deadline: September 3, 2024.

Chorus Arts ‘Featured Artists’ 2024/2025 (U.K.)
A new guest curator overseeing this year’s Chorus Arts program will select up to 10 artists to join the community. Chosen artists will be included in group exhibitions, a book, workshops, and events, and receive guidance from the curator.
Deadline: Septemner 8, 2024.

Artadia Awards (Boston and Atlanta)
Three visual artists will receive unrestricted funds of $15,000, and one artist will receive the Marciano Artadia Award of $25,000. Honorariums will also be provided to finalists.
Deadline: September 15, 2024, for Boston, and October 1, 2024, for Atlanta.

SPIE International Day of Light Photo Contest (International)
Photographers of all levels are invited to submit to this year’s contest under the theme of “The Power of Light,” which considers how light impacts every facet of life. One winner will receive $2,500 with additional prizes ranging from $500 to $1,000.
Deadline: September 16, 2024.

2024 Foundwork Artist Prize: International Open Call (International)
One artist will receive an unrestricted $10,000 grant, and that honoree and three shortlisted artists will also be invited for interviews to further public engagement with their practices. Artists must register and maintain a published profile on Foundwork with at least six artworks and an artist statement throughout the 2024 selection period.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. PT on September 26, 2024.

Gen-Art: Exploring Creativity Across the Generations (U.S.)
GEN-ART is a national all-ages open juried exhibition inviting artists to submit up to three works as a personal representation of their generation. This open call welcomes all mediums and styles, including sculpture, installation, digital, and literature. There is a $30 application fee.
Deadline: October 4, 2024.

The Bennett Prize (International)
Women figurative realist painters are eligible for this prize, which offers one winner $50,000 and a solo show, with an additional finalist receiving $10,000. There is a $40 application fee.
Deadline: October 4, 2024.

Passepartout Photo Prize (International)
Open to any style, process, or subject matter, this annual prize offers €500, an exhibition in Rome, and a publication. Enter before June 10, 2024, for the early fee of €20.
Deadline: October 7, 2024.

NSMA International Painting Competition (International)
Open to professionals and students, this competition focuses on contemporary realism in painting, and all subject matter is welcome. One winner will receive $25,000, and finalists will be exhibited at the New Salem Museum and Academy of Fine Art.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. EST on January 15, 2025.

Sony World Photography Awards 2025 (International)
Open to photographers worldwide shooting on any device, this contest includes top prizes of $25,000, a solo exhibition in London, Sony digital imaging equipment, press and media coverage, and more.
Deadline: January 10, 2025.

 

Grants

Lower Manhattan Cultural Council Arts Grants (Manhattan)
Artists, collectives, and nonprofits are eligible for up to $16,000 in funding for arts programming in any discipline in Manhattan.
Deadline: 5 p.m. ET on September 10, 2024.

Vital Impacts Environmental Photography Grants and Mentorships (International)
Vital Impacts is offering one $20,000 grant to an established environmental photographer in the U.S., along with six $5,000 grants to emerging photographers from across the globe. In addition to the grants, the organization will select ten emerging photographers to participate in an intensive mentorship program and invite all applicants to an online mentorship series.
Deadline: September 15, 2024.

Rauschenberg Emergency Grants (U.S.)
These grants of up to $5,000 support direct dental, medical, or mental health-related treatment expenses. Artists working in the visual arts, film, video, electronic, digital arts, and choreography are eligible.
Deadline: 5 p.m. ET on October 1, 2024.

VIA Art Fund Artistic Production Grant (International)
This grant awards individual artists, nonprofit organizations, and institutions between $25,000 and $100,000 to commission works outside museum or gallery walls, within the public realm, or in nontraditional exhibition environments. Projects must have a confirmed exhibition venue.
Deadline: November 4, 2024.

The Adolf and Esther Gottlieb Emergency Grant (International)
The Adolph and Esther Gottlieb Emergency Grant program provides one-time interim financial assistance to qualified painters, printmakers, and sculptors whose needs resulted from an unforeseen catastrophic incident and who lack the resources to meet that situation. Awardees typically receive $5,000, up to $15,000.
Deadline: Rolling.

Adobe Creative Residency Community Fund (Ukraine)
Adobe’s Creative Residency Community Fund commissions visual artists to create company projects on a rolling basis. Awardees will receive between $500 and $5,000.
Deadline: Rolling.

Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant (International)
The foundation welcomes applications from actively exhibiting visual artists who are painters, sculptors, and artists who work on paper, including printmakers. Grants are intended for one year and range up to $50,000. The artist’s circumstances determine the size of the grant, and professional exhibition history will be considered.
Deadline: Rolling.

 

Residencies, Fellowships, & More

Kimmel Harding Nelson Center for the Arts Residency (International)
The center offers up to 70 two-to-eight-week residencies annually to visual artists, writers, composers, and interdisciplinary artists. Residents receive $175 per week, housing, and a private studio. There is a $35 application fee.
Deadline: September 1, 2024.

The Hodder Fellowship (International)
Open across disciplines, this fellowship provides $90,000 to artists who spend ten months at Princeton University. No formal teaching is required.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. ET on September 10, 2024.

Princeton Arts Fellowship (International)
Early career visual artists, filmmakers, poets, novelists, playwrights, designers, directors, and performance artists who would benefit from two years of teaching and working at Princeton are eligible for this fellowship. A $ 90,000-a-year stipend is provided.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. ET on September 10, 2024.

MacDowell Residency (International)
Around 300 artists are awarded fellowships annually, which offer a studio, housing, and all meals for up to six weeks. Financial assistance is offered to reimburse travel, rent, lost income, and childcare costs.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. ET on September 10, 2024.

Center for Book Arts Artist Residency (New York)
Up to six emerging and mid-career artists will be awarded this year-long residency, which includes a $1,500 stipend of $1500, up to $6,000 in courses offered at CBA, and 24-hour access to CBA’s printing and binding studios in Manhattan.
Deadline: September 15, 2024.

ARTS Southeast’s ON::View Artist Residency Program (International)
Applications are now open for the On::View Artist Residency Program in Savannah, Georgia. The residency supports artists working in all media. Selected artists gain access to a high-visibility studio space to complete a new project, continue an in-progress endeavor, or to conduct research exploring conceptual, material, performative, and social practices.
Deadline: 11:59 p.m. ET on September 16, 2024.

Tyler School of Art and Architecture Edgar Heap of Birds Family Artist Residency (International)
This five-month residency is for an artist whose work is focused on the history and lived experience of North American federally recognized tribal citizens and who works in art and activism. The residency includes an individual studio, a $1,500 materials budget, a solo exhibition, and a $3,500 monthly stipend.
Deadline: September 23, 2024.

McColl Center Summer 2025 Parent + Educator Artists-in-Residence (International)
Parents and educators who otherwise would not have the opportunity to participate in McColl Center residency are eligible for this program. Private housing, studio space, and a $6,000 stipend are available, along with shared 3D, ceramics, and media labs and a woodshop.
Deadline: September 25, 2024.

2025 Museum of Glass Visiting Artist (International)
A Visiting Artist Residency in the Hot Shop allows artists to explore new ideas and techniques or push the boundaries of a current series. Applicants may typically work in any medium.
Deadline: Midnight PT on November 2, 2024.

The Bray Artist Residencies (International)
Through summer and long-term studio experiences, this program offers the opportunity to work within a community of global artists actively creating new work.
Deadline: December 19, 2024.

 



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Recommended Viewings: “Crossing” by Levan Akin

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The brilliance of this film is that it feels real.

Setting out on a quest to fulfill a dying wish might sound like a fable but Crossing is not a fairy tale. In fact, the premise is based on a true story Akin heard about a grandmother traveling from Georgia to Turkey in search of her trans granddaughter. Akin also drew a lot on his own personal experience, specifically with regard to Istanbul and the way the city feels to him:

“The thing with Istanbul is that it is a place where in a very short distance you can find polar opposite worlds. One street is very religious, and if you walk down two streets it is suddenly a queer haven, where men walk holding hands. I wanted to portray this dichotomy in the film. When Lia and Achi are walking to the trans-neighborhood in the film the short distance that they walk is actually the distance in reality. Everyone lives on top of each other in Istanbul, all kinds of religions, people and not to forget the cats and dogs.”



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